Medienkompetenz und E-Portfolios für die Sekundarstufe I – ein Weg zur Medienbildung

Medienkompetenz und digital literacy gehören inzwischen zu den Schlüsselkompetenzen und sind ein Teil der Medienbildung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Medienbildung und/oder die dazu gehörigen Kompetenzen werden jedoch in Lehrplänen oft unterschiedlich verortet und definiert. Hierbei stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit kompetenzorientiertes Lernen den Ansprüchen an Medienbildung gerecht wird bzw. zur Medienbildung beitragen kann. Das Projekt EUfolio implementiert E-Portfolios in verschiedenen europäischen Klassen der Sekundarstufe I und realisiert dabei einen integrativen, fächerübergreifenden Ansatz. Dieser zielt primär auf den Erwerb von Schlüsselqualifikationen, kann jedoch implizit, etwa im Rahmen des reflektierenden Lernens mit E-Portfolios, zur Medienbildung beitragen. Der Artikel charakterisiert die Konzepte der Medienkompetenz und Medienbildung und diskutiert auf Basis des Projekts Eufolio, wie kompetenzorientiertes Lernen mit E-Portfolios einen Beitrag zur Medienbildung leisten kann

Verschränkte Lernwelten: physisch, virtuell, seamless

Lehr- und Lernräume haben Einfluss auf den Lernerfolg und die Zufriedenheit der Lernenden. Durch die Integration digitaler Komponenten werden zunehmend Räume im herkömmlichen Sinn mit Online-Räumen verschränkt, was zu einer Flexibilisierung des Lehrens, Lernens und Prüfens führt und einen völlig neuen Umgang mit Lehr-/Lernräumen erfordert. Dieser Aspekt des seamless learning wird an der WU (auch in Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Hochschulen und Projekten) im Kontext des Projekts „Future Learning Experience“ (FLEX) erkundet und umgesetzt. Dabei wurden u. a. Einsatzszenarien von 360°-Szenarien (Videos/Fotos) und Virtual-Reality (VR)-Anwendungen in konkreten Lehr-/Lernkontexten pilotiert. Dieses Projekt wurde am 1. Juni 2023 im Rahmen einer Online-Veranstaltung des BMBWF präsentiert. Die Präsentationsunterlagen finden Sie hier

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

TRANS – ein mehrsprachiges multidisziplinäres kulturwissenschaftliches E-Journal

TRANS, an "Internet journal for cultural sciences" is freely accessible on the web since 1997 (http://www.inst.at/trans). Some of the first authors had to be convinced that publishing on the web will not provoke plagiarism and will also be counted as a "real" publication of their scholarly works. An evaluation in 2002 showed that the visibility of a range of articles published in TRANS was higher than the one of many articles published in printed scholarly journals. At the end of 2008 about 1000 articles were published in TRANS. Simple Google searches for some keywords taken from the field of cultural studies show the high ranking of publications in TRANS (in search results of www.google.at). This allows conclusions on the visibility of articles published in this Internet journal for Cultural Studies. An the context out of which websites link to TRANS is the basis for reflections on the (inter-, trans- or multi-)disciplinary categorisation of the Internet journal

Terje Tüür-Fröhlich: The Non-trivial Effects of Trivial Errors in Scientific Communication and Evaluation, Glückstadt: Hülsbusch, 2016

Unreserved criticism and learning from mistakes is, according to Karl Popper, part of the scientific discourse required to ensure scientific endeavour. The trend towards automated data analysis seems to take this requirement into account. However, what is the case if the results of the data analytics rely on automated data collection which is riddled with trivial errors? Terje Tüür-Fröhlich pursues this question in her dissertation, which has now been published in the series "Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft" published by the Hochschulverband für Informationswissenschaft (HI). On the basis of thorough and systematic literature research, Tüür-Fröhlich documents each step of her research. In a separate chapter, she gives valuable insight into the genesis of Citation Indexing on the basis of a content analysis of the correspondence between Joshua Lederberg and Eugene Garfield. Using case study as method, the author highlights the effects of "not deleted, not shared or retracted errors", which not only determine the careers of scientists, but also the scientific communication and evaluation of results. For this detailed study, which is the bulk of the work discussed here, the author focuses on the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) of the database provider Thomson Reuters. Tüür-Fröhlich admitted the research was limited due to the data access restriction which is more than ever dependent on an institutional affiliation. The results are presented as qualitative and quantitative case studies.The core of the investigation, which is based on innovative methods like "ping-pong method" and „chain referral sampling“ for "Pierre Bourdieu", lead to n = 85 mutated name variants and missings for Pierre Bourdieu in the SSCI. The case studies read like a mix of detective novel and science fiction. The works of one author contain error phenomena for which Tüür-Fröhlich develops her own terminology. Examples are "UBO" for "unidentifiable bibliographic object" or "Zombie References", which are explained in a chapter heading as "Anything Is Wrong But Something Has Been Indexed". The conclusions of the study clearly state that all these "trivial" mistakes distort the citation counting and thus affect the impact factor - this not only applies to the authors, but also to their institutions, research fields and countries. Summarising, this book clearly shows how urgently qualitative methods are needed - at least in the evaluation of scientific performance as well as in science itself - as a supplement to quantitative methods. Some of the errors analysed are beyond the scope of quantitative research, which in addition does not take into account the genesis of the errors - and thus does not contribute to minimizing errors. The present book is highly recommended for data scientists, librarians and provides good impulses for a critical examination for database research and scientific knowledge processes

Terje Tüür-Fröhlich: The Non-trivial Effects of Trivial Errors in Scientific Communication and Evaluation, Glückstadt: Hülsbusch, 2016

Unreserved criticism and learning from mistakes is, according to Karl Popper, part of the scientific discourse required to ensure scientific endeavour. The trend towards automated data analysis seems to take this requirement into account. However, what is the case if the results of the data analytics rely on automated data collection which is riddled with trivial errors? Terje Tüür-Fröhlich pursues this question in her dissertation, which has now been published in the series "Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft" published by the Hochschulverband für Informationswissenschaft (HI). On the basis of thorough and systematic literature research, Tüür-Fröhlich documents each step of her research. In a separate chapter, she gives valuable insight into the genesis of Citation Indexing on the basis of a content analysis of the correspondence between Joshua Lederberg and Eugene Garfield. Using case study as method, the author highlights the effects of "not deleted, not shared or retracted errors", which not only determine the careers of scientists, but also the scientific communication and evaluation of results. For this detailed study, which is the bulk of the work discussed here, the author focuses on the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) of the database provider Thomson Reuters. Tüür-Fröhlich admitted the research was limited due to the data access restriction which is more than ever dependent on an institutional affiliation. The results are presented as qualitative and quantitative case studies.The core of the investigation, which is based on innovative methods like "ping-pong method" and „chain referral sampling“ for "Pierre Bourdieu", lead to n = 85 mutated name variants and missings for Pierre Bourdieu in the SSCI. The case studies read like a mix of detective novel and science fiction. The works of one author contain error phenomena for which Tüür-Fröhlich develops her own terminology. Examples are "UBO" for "unidentifiable bibliographic object" or "Zombie References", which are explained in a chapter heading as "Anything Is Wrong But Something Has Been Indexed". The conclusions of the study clearly state that all these "trivial" mistakes distort the citation counting and thus affect the impact factor - this not only applies to the authors, but also to their institutions, research fields and countries. Summarising, this book clearly shows how urgently qualitative methods are needed - at least in the evaluation of scientific performance as well as in science itself - as a supplement to quantitative methods. Some of the errors analysed are beyond the scope of quantitative research, which in addition does not take into account the genesis of the errors - and thus does not contribute to minimizing errors. The present book is highly recommended for data scientists, librarians and provides good impulses for a critical examination for database research and scientific knowledge processes

Preparing Educators to Teach in a Digital Age

This article describes the practical implementation of parts of Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing Teaching and Learning by A.W. Bates (2015) in a course for educators in Austria and the development of medical education for universities in Iran. With the publication of the second edition of Teaching in a Digital Age in 2019, the authors show the impact of the book in training educators and developers of educational content. This note from the field emphasizes the benefits of making informed decisions about educational technologies using Bates’ (2015) SECTIONS model and of learning about massive open online courses (MOOCs) and how to work with them using his book